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St Kilda is a seaside suburb in Adelaide, South Australia. St Kilda has a small number of houses and a 2006 population of 246. There is a single connecting road to the rest of Adelaide which, where the road enters the suburb's residential area, is surrounded by salt crystallisation lagoons used in the manufacture of soda ash. The inhabited section of the suburb occupies less than 100 hectares along the seafront, with the remainder used for salt lagoons and also settlement ponds of nearby Bolivar sewage treatment works. What was originally a seaside town was named by John Harvey, the founder of nearby Salisbury, as it reminded him of St Kilda in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland with its similar abundance of birdlife.〔Gunton E. 1986, p.115〕 St Kilda is an internationally recognised bird watching area with over 100 species of birds feeding in and around the mudflats, salt Lagoons, mangroves and seagrass beds.〔Taylor E. (2003),p.31–32 (100 species referred to here but noted on boardwalk signs as 200 species and elsewhere as 150 species〕 The suburb is home to a number of tourist attractions, including an adventure playground, tram museum, mangrove forest walk and an abundance of birdlife. ==History== The suburb was originally three low lying islands that were covered in shell grit and saltbush and surrounded by mangrove and samphire swamps. Fishermen had established huts on the islands by 1865 and by 1873 there were 13 huts and a boathouse recorded when the area was surveyed by Thomas Evans.〔Taylor E. (2003),p.4–7〕 By the 1890s people were visiting the islands attracted to the supposed curative properties of the mangrove mud, using the beach for bathing and fishing for crabs.〔 St Kilda was proclaimed a town on 31 July 1893 with sales of the first allotments made on the same day.〔 In 1886 it became part of the Munno Para West District Council area, moving to the district of Salisbury on 1 July 1933 along with most of the Munno Para West area.〔 The islands were extensively modified after floods in 1948 and 1957 which cut off St Kilda from the rest of Adelaide. Salisbury council began building up the area, expanding seawalls and reclaiming additional land by dumping of earth spoil.〔 The St Kilda Hotel, built out of limestone from east of what is now Elizabeth, opened in 1898 with Matthias Lucas as the first publican and remains the suburb's only hotel.〔〔Taylor E. (2003),p.9–11〕 A school opened in October 1902, where the tram museum is now sited, admitting students in November of the same year. The school was closed from 1917 to 1924 and finally closed permanently in 1949 with students moving to Salisbury North Primary School and the building eventually being used at Virginia Primary School.〔Taylor E. (2003),p.12〕 In 1924 a telegraph office opened in Shell Street and, due to the suburb of St Kilda in Melbourne having the same name, the post office service requested that the name be changed. Over some local objections the name was changed to ''Moilong'' (a Kaurna word for ''Where the tide comes in'') but this was reversed after local protests.〔〔 ''Moilong'' Telegraph Office opened in 1924, was upgraded to a post office in 1945, renamed ''Saint Kilda'' in 1965 and closed in 1974. St Kilda's population has never been large with 50 non-permanent residents counted in the 1901 census, 68 (including 20 permanent) in 1911, 30 total residents in 1933,〔 80 in 2002 and increasing to 246 by 2006.〔Taylor E. (2003), p.34〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「St Kilda, South Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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